JSS 2: Human reproduction (II)

                       PREGNANCY 

Pregnancy is the time in which one or more offspring develop inside a woman's uterus. It is also the period between the implantation of the embryo and the birth of the fetus.  A normal pregnancy in humans can range from 38 to 42 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period to the due date.

Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters namely:

1. First trimester: the first three months of pregnancy

2. Second trimester: the second three months of pregnancy

3. Third trimester: the last three months of pregnancy 

             Symptoms of Pregnancy 

Some of the symptoms of pregnancy are:

1. Fatigue (tiredness)

2. Nausea (morning sickness)

3. Shortness of breath 

4. Vomiting 

5. Heartburn 

6. Constipation and bloating

7. Frequent urination 

         Where to get help during pregnancy 

1. Doctors and midwives 

2. Community health centers 

PUBERTY 

Puberty is a stage in life whereby a child attains sexual maturity. It occurs when boys and girls grow into adults. It is characterized by the physical and hormonal changes that take place in both males and females. It prepares the body for the sexual reproduction.

           Pubertal changes in boys 

1. Growth of hair on the face, pubic and armpit areas

2. Enlargement of testicles and penis 

3. Rapid increase in height 

4. Voice cracks and becomes deeper 

5. Pimples sometimes appear on the face 

6. Shoulders become broader 

7. Escape of semen from the penis during sleep. It is called a wet dream.

            Pubertal changes in girls 

1. Growth of hair under the armpit and pubic areas 

2. Rapid increase in height 

3. Pimples sometimes appear on the face 

4. The hips become broader 

5. The breasts develop 

6. Menstruation starts

                     ASSIGNMENT 

1. Who is a Gynaecologist?

2. Explain why cleanliness is important during puberty 

3. Explain how cleanliness can be achieved during puberty